And so, after the explosion (collapse) of a star of the big weight, in the explosion’s epicenter occur deep vacuum concerning the state (pressure and density) of inter star substance. This is «the black hole». After the dispersion of «the white dwarf’s» weight thrown out by explosion from the epicenter, the interstellar substance is being soaked up in the volume of the vacuum. The given process is shown in figure №R-7.5.
(125) Figure №R-7.5
The particles which are soaked up by the vacuum, increase their speeds.
It is probable that the speeds of the soaking particles increase as well with the approach to the explosion’s epicenter.
It is quite probable, that in cases of collapse that were considered by us and the subsequent soaking of inter star substance, operates the rule: «the speed of the particle with which it has left the explosion’s epicenter, it aspires to return to the same speed, during the return movement into «the black hole»». The same rule operates also in the case of throwing a stone upwards under the gravitation conditions. But, possibly, the particles do not develop such high speeds.
It would be desirable to pay attention to the fact that the explosion’s epicenter is being left by heavy kernels and atoms, and the light ones come back. It is probably raises the speeds of atoms moving to the epicenter.
As we already told, this process is observed evidently at the tests of military nuclear charges. The shock wave after the nuclear explosion first expands to all the directions, thus the vacuum is created in the epicenter. The more powerful the nuclear explosion is, the stronger the air shock wave, the higher volume is, and higher the value of vacuum around the explosion’s epicenter.
Under the influence of the vacuum, formed the opposite air shock wave whose movement is directed to the explosion’s epicenter. At the explosions of powerful nuclear charges, the process of shock wave movement from the explosion’s epicenter and back repeats few times. We shall predict, based on the disassembled example of similar processes in space, at the moment of collapse of «the white dwarf» of a star of the big weight.
At the moment of explosion, the weight of «the white dwarf» is being scattered to all the directions and moves with high speed. Around the explosion’s epicenter, a volume of deep or possibly absolute vacuum is formed, concerning the density of the space’s substance. The substance of the former «white dwarf», creates vacuum during its movement and interferes with penetration into this volume of gas and dust from space. This process can be compared to the work of the piston at the replacement of gas from the cylinder’s cavity. During the further movement and expansion of the weight, thrown out by the explosion — the density decreases. But since the density of gas in space is very low, and the resistance to movement is not considerable, the move of the particles keeps on a very high speed. According to the law of Bernoulli, the gas and the dust from space is being sucked into the stream of the moving weight which have been thrown out from the explosion’s epicenter. This process can be compared to the action of ejector, in whose nozzles the speed of a gas stream or the steam increases, and during the passage (of the stream’s) through a cavity. In the cavity the vacuum created, due to the absorption of gas from a cavity into the moving stream from ejector. The given process increases the volume and the value of the vacuum around the explosion’s epicenter.
After the dispersion of the moving weight thrown out by the explosion, gas and a dust from space is soaked up into the volume of the vacuum and particles of gas and dust are accelerating.
The volume of the vacuum, or to be exact, the volume of «the black hole» is huge, the radius makes millions and billions kilometers.
At the absorption of substances in «the black hole», formed a funnel which is similar to air and water funnels in air, at cyclones and tornados, pool (during the leakage of water from a vessel). The given examples can be applied to the creation of a physical and mathematical model.
In «the black hole», during the movement of the substance, there are dynamic processes, and dynamic shock waves are being formed. The bigger is the size of «the black hole»; the quantity and force of dynamic waves and processes are higher. The result of such dynamic processes, is probably, the beginning of a thermonuclear synthesis of kernels of easy atoms, and as a consequence — births of stars.
The assumption of scientists about the existence of any «dark matter», whose gravitational field draws substance from a space, is wrong.
Because:
1. It is impossible that a weight of «a black hole» would be higher than the white dwarf. Since after the explosion, all of the weight or part of the weight of «the white dwarf» is being thrown out into space. Hence, according to the organic law of physics about the preservation of weight and energy, the weight in «the black hole» cannot be higher than «the white dwarf’s».
2. The absence of a magnetic field at «the black hole», speaks about the absence of weights. The presence of an electric field speaks about rotation of particles in the funnel of «the accretion disk» around «the black hole».
3. If there was a «dark» substance, it would be revealed long time ago, but it wasn’t found yet.
4. The facts of existence of the gravitational collapse and the huge weight of a matter in the center of «the black hole» are actually not confirmed. Theories about the gravitational collapse and «the black hole» were developed more than hundred years ago, when many physical laws have not been discovered and studied yet. Hence, during the development and the subsequent development of these theories, mistakes were made.
As the proof of our theory, we shall consider an example with a vacuum cleaner.
On the table there are few objects: paper clips, screws, and so on. In order to tear off these subjects from the table by the means of gravitational force it is necessary for them to approach a weight that exceeding the weight of the Earth by few times. But it is possible to do by using a small vacuum cleaner, weights few kg. To be exact speaking, these objects can be torn off a table by the vacuum created by the vacuum cleaner. That means, the vacuum creates much higher force than the gravitation.
Let’s calculate the force of action of the vacuum borrowing a huge volume in space.
Insignificant for terrestrial measures, the pressure difference of huge volumes creates huge force of absorption
Fbc=Pbc. Sbac
Where Fbc — the force of absorption of gas and dust in «the black hole»;
Pbc — the pressure of absorption, on the surface of the volume borrowed by the vacuum, (the value of the pressure is insignificant — very small);
Sbac — the surface area of the volume of vacuum
Sbac = 4. π . Rbac2
Where Rbac — the radius of a sphere borrowed by vacuum.
So, at low values of pressure, the force operating in the center of «a black hole», will be high.
Let’s take for an example the weight of hydrogen atom H with A=1, in terrestrial conditions, 16.411. 10-27 N.
The area of cross-section of atom of hydrogen
SH = π. a2 =0.8791 . 10-20 m2
Where a— the radius of the first electron’s orbit.
The pressure from the weight of hydrogen atom in terrestrial conditions pH=18.668. 10-7 Pa.
For comparison, we shall take the weight pressure of hydrogen upon the area 1 m2
pH1=16.411 . 10-27 Pa.
Pressure pH1 is considerably lower than pressure pH.
For both cases we shall calculate the force operating on the surface of vacuum volume, with radiuses from the center: R1=1 ua =1.49598. 1011 m,
R2=1 ly =9.4605. 1015 m,
R3=1 pc =3.0857. 1016 m.
Let’s calculate the area of the sphere surface for these cases using the formula:
Si = 4. π . Ri2.
S1 = 28.123. 1022 m2,
S2 = 11.247. 1032 m2,
S3 = 119.651. 1032 m2.
(126) Figure №R-7.6
From the calculations (the table in figure №R-7.6) it is visible that an insignificant pressure which can be neglected in terrestrial conditions, in the conditions of huge spaces in the open space creates huge force, directed to the center of «the black hole», which capable to collect in one place, a matter, weight as one or several stars, and to start a thermonuclear reaction of easy kernels synthesis. Than bigger the volume of «black hole» and the more density of gas there is in space around this «a black hole», the higher is the force of absorbing gas and dust.
As it evitable from the analysis of the examples resulted by us, as a result of the explosion in space, the vacuum borrows huge volume where forces of absorption gas and a dust from a surrounding space are being formed.