Through the broken through holes in «the active zone», under the influence of the raised pressure, the part of a gas-plasma mix is thrown out in space. The part of the weight pulled out at which the speed is not sufficient for overcoming the attraction of a star, comes back, creating spicules.                         

Other part of the weight pulled out, having high speed, will be a part of «the solar wind».

    Let’s consider this process in more details.                                                                                    

«The active zone» heats up at the top layers of the gas-plasma mix, the pressure in the mix rises, and its volume aspires to extend. But the active zone interferes with this expansion, creating counter pressure to the hot gas-plasma mix. Between pressure of a gas-plasma mix and counter pressure a created active zone, a balance should be kept; this is one of conditions of the star existence. This balance is supported automatically. If the thermonuclear synthesis goes more intensively the counter pressure increases in the active zone. The gas-plasma mix is compressed and the pressure in it increases. On the other hand, the gas-plasma mix receives more heat and its temperature raises, which also conduct to the increase in pressure and volume. The gas-plasma mix and the active zone come to an equilibrium state. If, as a result of heating in the gas-plasma mix, the pressure and temperature increase — the volume of the mix increases as well, it conducts to the increase in the Sun surface (the photosphere and the chromosphere).

During a strong overheat of the gas-plasma mix; there is a substantial growth of volume and surface of a star. «The active zone», as an environment, is not capable to constrain this expansion, and holes occur there (in «the active zone»), the gas-plasma mix is pulled out in a space through them. At a nuclear explosion inside of the star, the powerful dynamic wave break through the environment of the star, and part of the gas-plasma mix is thrown out in space. Laws of thermodynamics, speed and the temperature, taking off of «dark spots» On the characteristics of the pulled out plasma, the temperature and the pressure in the star nutria depend on the volume of the gas-plasma mix and the sizes of «the dark spots», in cases of nuclear explosions in the star there is a dependence between the parameters of the pulled out plasma and the explosion parameters. In the given design of the star environment we see one more ingenious technical decision. If the environment of a star would be rigid, the overheat of the gas-plasma mix would lead to a thermal explosion and the destruction of all environment, that’s what we observe at explosions of thermal boilers and nuclear reactors. In the given technical decision, there is no rigid environment. The environment of a star, as the case of a nuclear reactor, and under abnormal condition-safety the valve on the excess of pressure in the gas-plasma mix, a role which the «dark spots» carry out — are structurally combined.  That means, the stars «active zone» is simultaneously:

 1. An energy source;

 2. An environment of the star;

 3. A system of under abnormal condition-safety valves on the excess of pressure in the gas-plasma mix.

The weight of a star and a magnetic field will influence, slowing down, accelerating or returning streams of plasma (protuberans) will operate on the characteristics of expiring plasma from «dark spots». Quite probably that the increase in the dark spots speaks about the decrease in allocated energy in these places, or about the overheat of the gas-plasma mix. The reasons of decrease in allocated energy, and easing of «the active zone»:
   — Expansion of the active zone and as consequence, decrease in its thickness with break in some places — «the dark spots»;

   — «Poisoning» of some sites of the active zone with easy kernels whose synthesis conducts to absorption of energy. In these places, coronary holes and dark spots are possible;

   — «Attenuation» of thermonuclear synthesis;

   — Nuclear explosions inside of a star.

After the break of «the active zone» in a space, gas-plasma mix is pulled out through dark spots.                                                                     

On the parameters of the pulled out stream, considering all similar facts at present, it is possible to define the chemical compound and key parameters of the gas-plasma mix of the Sun, which defines the time of life of a star.                         

If to compare a star to a the thermal boiler, the dark spots on the Sun play a role of safety valves which dump (reduce) superfluous pressure by emission of the gas and plasma outside, protecting the boiler from thermal explosion.

In a star, the probability of «thermal explosion» is excluded at the expense of absence of strong environment that makes the occurrence of «dark spots» possible.

            —  Cycles of activity of the Sun           

The assumption stated above enables to unravel the riddle of the Sun’s 11years cycle of activity.

Periodicity, the time of the Sun’s and stars cycle of activity, depend on the stars parameters: weights, time of a life, age, volume of the gas-plasma mix, the quantity of fuel and the sizes. Within 11 years, there is heating and warming up of the gas-plasma mix. At the excess of the certain parameters, there is a dump of part of the heatedgas-plasma mix in a space. During the cycle, there is warming up in most of the mix, which gradually extends and thrown out partially in space. We shall consider the schedule of dark spots occurrence.

                            (57)  Figure №R-4.6

Apparently from the schedule №R-4.6, the change in number of the spots carries a saw-like form, which is characteristic to the processes of pressure dump of the gas-plasma mix considered by us.

How to explain the 11 years cycle?    

Probably, it is connected with the warming up of the volume of the gas-plasma mix. That means, the gas-plasma mix warming up can be divided to few stages.

  The first stage — local warming up, when the temperature increases on a small volume and reaches any defined value, thus there is a break of «the active zone» in this area. After the break and the removal of pressure, the spot disappears. But the warmth is being transferred further on the mix and its temperature rises a little in a greater volume. The following break of the environment occurs in already warmed up gas-plasma mix around of this zone. Hence, the number of spots should be higher than in the previous case.